Brigham YOUNG.
BackGround: Salt Lake Temple, Salt Lake City, Utah.
Created 16 February 2010
Brigham was born 1 June 1801 in Whitingham, Windham, Vermont and married first 8 October 1824 in Port Byron, Cayuga, New York. Miriam Angeline WORKS the daughter of Asa WORKS and Abigail MARKS. She was born 7 June 1806 in Aurelius, Cayuga, New York and died 8 September 1832 in Mendon, Monroe, New York.
He married second 18 February 1834, in Kirtland, Lake, Ohio. Mary Ann ANGELL, the daughter of James William ANGELL and Phebe Ann MORTON. She was born 8 June 1803 in Seneca Ontario, New York and died 27 June 1862 in Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
He married third 15 June 1842 in Nauvoo, Hancock, Illinois. Lucy Ann DECKER the daughter of Isaac Perry DECKER and Harriet Page WHEELER. She was born 17 May 1822 in , Ontario, New York and died 24 January 1890 in Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
He married fifth 2 November 1843 in Nauvoo, Hancock, Illinois, Harriett Elizabeth COOK the daughter of Archibald COOK and Elizabeth Betsy MOSHER. She was born 7 November 1824 in Utica or Whitesboro, Oneida, New York and died 5 November 1898 in Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
He married sixth 8 May 1844 in Nauvoo, Hancock, Illinois, Clarissa Carolina DECKER, the daughter of Isaac Perry DECKER and Harriet Page WHEELER. She was born 22 July 1828 in Freedom, Cattaraugus, New York and died 5 January 1889 in Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
He married seventh September 1844 in Nauvoo, Hancock, Illinois, Emily Dow PARTRIDGE, the daughter of Edward PARTRIDGE and Lydia CLISBEE. She was born 28 February 1824 Painesville, Geauga, Ohio and died 9 December 1899 in Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
He married eighth 10 September 1844 in Nauvoo, Hancock, Illinois, Clarissa ROSS the daughter of William ROSS and Phebe OGDEN. She was born 15 June 1814 in Northville, Cayuga, New York and died 17 October 1858 in Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
He married nineth 19 March 1944 in Nauvoo, Hancock, Illinois, Louisa BEAMAN, the daughter of Alvah BEAMAN and Sally BURTIS. She was born 7 February 1815 in Livonia, Livingston, New York and died 15 May 1850 in Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
He married eighreenth 22 January 1846 in Nauvoo, Hancock, Illinois, Margaret PIERCE, the daughter of Robert PIERCE and Hannah HARVEY. She was born 19 April 1823 in Ashton, Deleware, Pennsylvania and died 16 January 1907; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
He married twenty 30 April 1845 in Nauvoo, Hancock, Illinois. Emiline FREE the daughter of Absalom Pennington FREE and Elizabeth (Betsey) STRAIT. She was born 28 April 1826 in Belleville, St. Clair, Illinois and died 17 July 1875 in Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
He married twenty second 14 January 1846 in Nauvoo, Hancock, Illinois, Margaret Maria ALLEY, the daughter of George ALLEY and Mary SYMONDS, She was born 19 December 1825 in Lynn, Essex, Massachusetts and died 5 November 1852 in Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
He married twenty fifth 21 January 1846 in Martha BOWKER, the daughter of Samuel BOWKER and Hannah ATKINS. She was born 24 January 1822 in Mount Holley, Burlington, New Jersey and died 26 September 1890 Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
He married thirty third 2 February 1846 in Nauvoo, Hancock, Illinois, Zina Diantha HUNTINGTON, the daughter of William HUNTINGTON and Zina BAKER. She was born 31 January 1821 in Watertown, Jefferson, New York and died 27 August 1901 in Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
He married forty second 20 March 1847 in Winter Quarters, Douglas, Nebraska, Lucy BIGELOW, the daughter of Nahum BIGELOW and Mary GIBBS. She was born 3 October 1830 in Coles, Moultrie, Illinois and died 3 February 1905 .n Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
He married forty third 20 March 1847 in Winter Quarters, Douglas, Nebraska, Mary Jane BIGELOW, the daughter of Nahum BIGELOW and Mary BIBBS. She was born 15 October 1827 in Lawrenceville, Lawrence, Illinois and died 26 September 1868 in Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
He married forty fifth 3 October 1850 in Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah, Eliza BURGESS the daughter of Thomas BURGESS and Mary Ann NULLIS. She was born 7 May 1815 in Shrewsbury, Shorpshire, England. and died 14 July 1894 in Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
He married forty nineth 14 March 1856 in Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah, Harriet Emeline BARNEY, the daughter of Royal A BARNEY and Sarah Bowen ESTABROOK. She was born 13 October 1830 in Amherst, Loraine, Ohio and died 14 February 1911 in Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
He married fifty first 8 January 1868 in Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utan, Mary VAN COTT the daughter of John VAN COTT and Lucy Levina SACKETT. She was born 2 February 1844 in Canaan, Columbia, New York and died 5 January 1884 in Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Brigham died 29 August 1877 in Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Brigham Young (June 1, 1801 – August 29, 1877) was an American leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and a settler of the western United States. He was the President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1847 until his death and was the founder of Salt Lake City and the first governor of Utah Territory, United States. Brigham Young University was named in his honor. Young had a variety of nicknames, among the most popular being "American Moses,"[2] (alternatively the "Modern Moses" or the "Mormon Moses")[3] because, like the Biblical figure, Young led his followers, the Mormon pioneers, in an exodus through a desert, to what they saw as a promised land. Young was also dubbed the "Lion of the Lord" for his bold personality, and was commonly called "Brother Brigham" by Latter-day Saints. Young was a polygamist and was involved in controversies regarding blacks and the Priesthood, the Utah War, and the Mountain Meadows massacre.
Young was born to a farming family in Whitingham, Vermont and worked as a traveling carpenter and blacksmith, among other trades.[4] Young first married in 1824 to Miriam Angeline Works. Though he had converted to the Methodist faith in 1823, Young was drawn to Mormonism after reading the Book of Mormon shortly after its publication in 1830. He officially joined the new church in 1832 and traveled to Upper Canada as a missionary. After his first wife died in 1832, Young joined many Mormons in establishing a community in Kirtland, Ohio.
While in jail awaiting trial for alleged treason charges, Joseph Smith, president of the church, was killed by an armed mob in 1844. Several claimants to the role of church President emerged during the succession crisis that ensued. Before a large meeting convened to discuss the succession in Nauvoo, Illinois, Sidney Rigdon, the senior surviving member of the church's First Presidency, argued there could be no successor to the deceased prophet and that he should be made the "Protector" of the church.[5] Young opposed this reasoning and motion. Smith had earlier recorded a revelation which stated the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles were "equal in authority and power" to the First Presidency,[6] so Young claimed that the leadership of the church fell to the Twelve Apostles.[7] Many of Young's followers would later reminisce that while Young spoke to the congregation, he looked or sounded similar to Joseph Smith, to which they attributed the power of God.[8] For many in attendance at this meeting, this occurrence was accepted as a sign Young was to lead the church as President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. Young was ordained President of the Church in December 1847, more than two and a half years after Smith's death. Rigdon became the president of a separate church organization based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and other potential successors emerged to lead what became other denominations of the movement...
As colonizer and founder of Salt Lake City, Young was appointed the territory's first governor and superintendent of American Indian affairs by President Millard Fillmore. During his time as governor, Young directed the establishment of settlements throughout Utah, Idaho, Arizona, Nevada, and parts of southern Colorado and northern Mexico. Under his direction the pioneers built roads and bridges, forts, irrigation projects, and established public welfare, organized a militia, and pacified the Native Americans. Young organized the first legislature and established Fillmore as the territory's first capital. In 1856 he organized an efficient mail service. In 1858 he stepped down to his successor Alfred Cumming.
After three years of leading the church as the President of the Quorum of the Twelve, in 1847 Young reorganized a new First Presidency and was declared president of the church on December 27, 1847. Repeated conflict led Young to relocate his group of Latter-day Saints to a territory in what is now Utah, then part of Mexico. Young organized the journey that would take the faithful to Winter Quarters, Nebraska, in 1846 , then to the Salt Lake Valley. Young arrived in the Salt Lake Valley on July 24, 1847, a date now recognized as Pioneer Day in Utah.
The LDS church under Brigham Young is perhaps best known for its practice of polygamy. Though most historians think that polygamy among Latter Day Saints was taught and practiced by Joseph Smith, Young's predecessor, many adherents to other Latter Day Saint denominations such as the Community of Christ believe that polygamy in the Mormon church originated under Brigham Young. The church's first official statement on the subject was given by Brigham Young in 1853 after the church had arrived in Utah. Young's words came nine years after the purported original revelation by Joseph Smith, and five years after the Mormon Exodus to Utah following Smith's death in Illinois.
Young was perhaps the most famous polygamist of the early American church, marrying a total of 55 wives, 54 of them after becoming a Latter Day Saint.[9] He stated that upon being taught about plural marriage, "It was the first time in my life that I desired the grave."[10] By the time of his death, Young had 56 children by 16 of his wives; 46 of his children reached adulthood.[11]
Sources have varied on the number of Young's wives due to differences in what observers have considered to be a "wife".[9] There were 55 women that Young was sealed to during his lifetime. While the majority of the sealings were "for eternity", some were "for time only". However, it is suspected that not all of the 55 marriages were conjugal,[9] and Young did not live with a number of his wives or publicly hold them out as wives, which has led to confusion on numbering.[9] This is in part due to the complexity of how wives were identified at the time. If a woman was married and her husband died, she was often remarried to someone else in proxy of her former husband so that all of the children she should have became her former husband's children. Furthermore, for a time women were having themselves sealed to men without a man even knowing about it.
Of his 55 wives, 21 had never been married before; 16 were widows; six were divorced; six had living husbands; and the marital status of six others are unknown.[9]
In 1856, Young built the Lion House to accommodate his sizable family. This building remains a Salt Lake City landmark, together with the Beehive House, another Brigham Young family home. A contemporary of Young wrote: "It was amusing to walk by Brigham Young's big house, a long rambling building with innumerable doors. Each wife has an establishment of her own, consisting of parlor, bedroom, and a front door, the key of which she keeps in her pocket".[12]
At the time of Young's death, 19 of his wives had predeceased him, he was divorced from ten, and 23 survived him, with the status of four unknown.[9] In his will, Young shared his estate with the 16 surviving wives who had lived with him; the six surviving non-conjugal wives were not mentioned in the will.[9]
Brigham Young is generally credited with having been responsible for revoking the priesthood and temple blessings from black members of the LDS Church, who had been treated equally in this respect under Joseph Smith's presidency.[13]
During the Mormon flight from Illinois towards Utah in 1847, Brigham Young received a letter informing him of an inter-racial marriage by the son of a prominent black member, Walker Lewis. The letter was written by William Ivers Appleby, a Mormon elder, who desired to know if interracial marriage was an acceptable practice. Appleby sent the letter to Young at Winter Quarters, Nebraska, but Young was actually in Utah, and therefore did not receive Appleby's missive until December 1, 1847, when he returned to Winter Quarters. Quite coincidentally, Appleby himself arrived in Winter Quarters on December 2. Young read Appleby's letter and then had him personally report to Young and the eight apostles who were then in Nebraska.[14] In 1863, Young reported that he said, "Shall I tell you the law of God in regard to the African race? If the white man who belongs to the chosen seed mixes his blood with the seed of Cain, the penalty, under the law of God, is death on the spot. This will always be so" (Journal of Discourses, vol. 10, p. 110).[15]
After settling in Utah in 1848, Brigham Young announced a priesthood ban which prohibited all men of black African descent from holding the priesthood.[13] In connection, Mormons of African descent could not participate in Mormon temple rites such as the Endowment or sealing. These racial restrictions remained in place until 1978, when the policy was rescinded by President of the Church Spencer W. Kimball .[16]
Shortly after the arrival of Young's pioneers, the new Mormon colonies were incorporated into the United States through Mexican Cession, Young petitioned the U.S. Congress to create the State of Deseret. The Compromise of 1850 instead carved out Utah Territory, and Young was installed as governor. As governor and church president, Young directed both religious and economic matters. He encouraged independence and self-sufficiency. Many cities and towns in Utah, and some in neighboring states, were founded under Young's direction. Young's leadership style has been viewed as autocratic.[17]
When federal officials received reports of widespread and systematic obstruction of federal officials in Utah (most notably judges), U.S. President James Buchanan decided to install a non-Mormon governor. Buchanan accepted the reports of the judges without any further investigation, and the new non-sectarian governor was accompanied by troops sent to garrison forts in the new territory. The troops passed by the bloody Kansas–Missouri war without intervening in it, as it was not open warfare and only isolated sporadic incidents. When Young received word that federal troops were headed to Utah with his replacement, he called out his militia to ambush the federal column. During the defense of Deseret, now called the Utah War, Young held the U.S. Army at bay for a winter by taking their cattle and burning supply wagons. The Mormon forces were largely successful thanks to Lot Smith. Young made plans to burn Salt Lake City and move his followers to Mexico, but at the last minute he relented and agreed to step down as governor. He later received a pardon from Buchanan. Relations between Young and future governors and U.S. Presidents were mixed.
A controversial issue is the extent of Young's involvement in the Mountain Meadows massacre,[18] which took place in Washington County in 1857. Leonard J. Arrington reports that Brigham Young received a rider at his office on the same day. When he learned what was contemplated by the members of the Mormon Church in Parowan and Cedar City, he sent back a letter that the Fancher party be allowed to pass through the territory unmolested.[19] Young's letter supposedly arrived two days too late, on September 13, 1857. As governor, Young had promised the federal government he would protect immigrants passing through Utah Territory. But he had also allegedly told local Native American leaders that they had his permission to steal cattle from these wagon trains.[citation needed] Over 120 men, women and children were killed by the Mormons and their Native American allies. It is clear that local Mormons were the principal perpetrators. United States Army officer James Henry Carleton was sent to investigate the massacre and was convinced that the Mormons were the perpetrators. Only children survived, the murdered members of the wagon train (known as the Fancher Party) were left unburied, and the surviving children were cared for by local Mormon families. The remains of about forty people were found and buried and Carleton had a large cross made from local trees, the transverse beam bearing the engraving, "Vengeance Is Mine, Saith The Lord: I Will Repay" and erected a cairn of rocks at the site. A large slab of granite was put up on which he had the following words engraved: "HERE 120 MEN, WOMEN AND CHILDREN WERE MASSACRED IN COLD BLOOD EARLY IN SEPTEMBER, 1857. THEY WERE FROM ARKANSAS." For two years the monument stood as a warning to those travelling the Spanish Trail through Mountain Meadow. Some claim that, In 1861, Young brought an entourage to Mountain Meadows and had the cairn and cross destroyed, while exclaiming, "Vengeance is mine and I have taken a little".[20] However, others claim it was torn down and then re-built in 1864 by the U.S. military[21]
Young organized the Mormon Tabernacle Choir and in 1850 founded the University of Deseret, which is now the University of Utah. In 1875, just two years before his death, he founded Brigham Young Academy, which later became Brigham Young University. In 1950, the state of Utah donated a marble statue of Young to the National Statuary Hall Collection at the United States Capitol.[22]
Before his death in Salt Lake City at 4:00pm on August 29, 1877,[23] Young was suffering from 'cholera morbus and inflammation of the bowels'.[24] His funeral which took place on September 2, 1877, was held in the Tabernacle with an estimated 12,000 to 15,000 people in attendance.[25]
Colonizer, territorial governor, and President of THE CHURCH of JESUS CHRIST of Latter-day Saints, Brigham Young (1801-1877) was born in Whitingham, Vermont, on June 1, 1801, the ninth of eleven children born to John Young and Abigail (Nabby) Howe. Following service in the Revolutionary Army of George Washington, John Young settled on a farm in Hopkinton, Massachusetts. After sixteen years in Hopkinton, John and Nabby moved to southern Vermont, where Brigham was born. When Brigham was three the family moved to central New York state, and when he was ten, to Sherburne, in south-central New York. Brigham helped clear land for farming, trapped for fur animals, fished, built sheds and dug cellars, and helped with planting, cultivating, and harvesting crops. He also cared for his mother, who was seriously ill with tuberculosis.
Brigham's mother died in 1815, when he was fourteen. Not long after, in search for someone to look after his younger children, John Young married a widow, Hannah Brown, who brought her own children into the family. Brigham decided to leave home. Living for a period with a sister, he became an apprentice carpenter, painter, and glazier in nearby Auburn. Over the next five years he assisted in building in Auburn the first marketplace, the prison, the theological seminary, and the home of "Squire" William Brown (later occupied by William H. Seward, who served as governor of New York and Lincoln's secretary of state). As a master carpenter, Brigham built door fittings and louvered attic windows, and carved ornate mantelpieces for many homes. Many old homes in the region to this day have chairs, desks, staircases, doorways, and mantelpieces made by Brigham Young.
Brigham left Auburn in the spring of 1823 to work in Port Byron, New York, where he repaired furniture and painted canal boats. He developed a device for mixing paints, and turned out many chairs, tables, settees, cupboards, and doors. He also helped organize the local forensic and oratorical society. On October 5, 1824, at the age of twenty-three, Brigham married Miriam Works. They established a home in Aurelius township, where they joined the Methodist Church. Within a year their first child, Elizabeth, was born. After four years in Port Byron, Brigham and Miriam moved to Oswego, a port on Lake Ontario, where he added to his reputation for good craftsmanship, trustworthiness, and industry. He joined a small group of religious seekers, offering fervent prayers and singing enlivening songs. An Oswego associate testified that his conduct was exemplary, humble, and contrite. Near the end of 1828 Brigham took his family to Mendon, New York, forty miles from Port Byron, near his father and other relatives. At Mendon, Miriam gave birth to a second daughter, Vilate, but contracted chronic tuberculosis and became a semi-invalid. Brigham prepared the meals, dressed the children, cleaned the house, and carried Miriam to a rocking chair in front of the fireplace in the morning and back to bed in the evening. In Mendon he built a shop and mill, made and repaired furniture, and put in windowpanes, doorways, staircases, and fireplace mantels.
In the spring of 1830 Samuel Smith, brother of Joseph Smith, passed through Mendon on a trip to distribute the Book of Mormon. He left a copy with Brigham's oldest brother, Phineas, an itinerant preacher. Phineas was favorably impressed with the book and lent it to his father, then to his sister Fanny, who gave it to Brigham. Though impressed, Brigham nevertheless counseled caution: "Wait a little while?I [want] to see whether good common sense [is] manifest" (JD 3:91; cf. 8:38). After nearly two years of investigation, Brigham, moved by the testimony of a Mormon elder, was baptized in the spring of 1832. All of Brigham's immediate family were also baptized, and they all remained loyal Latter-day Saints throughout their lives. Miriam, who also joined, lived only until September 1832.
One week after his baptism, Brigham gave his first sermon. He declared "[After I was baptized] I wanted to thunder and roar out the Gospel to the nations. It burned in my bones like fire pent up, so I [commenced] to preach?. Nothing would satisfy me but to cry abroad in the world, what the Lord was doing in the latter days" (JD 1:313). Brigham felt the impulse to "cry abroad" so strongly that he enlisted the assistance of Vilate and Heber C. Kimball to care for his daughters and abandoned his trade to devote himself wholeheartedly to building the "kingdom of God." That fall, after Miriam's death, he, Heber Kimball, and several relatives traveled to Kirtland, Ohio, where he first met the twenty-six-year-old Prophet Joseph Smith. Invited to evening prayer in the Smith home, Brigham was moved by the Spirit and spoke in tongues, the first speaking in tongues witnessed by the Prophet.
Brigham's subsequent missionary tours carried him north, east, west, and south of Mendon. He and his brother Joseph Young made several preaching trips into the New York and Ontario, Canada, countryside. In the summer of 1833 he traveled to Kirtland with several of his Canadian converts, where he heard Joseph Smith teach about the gathering, emphasizing that building the kingdom of God required more than just preaching. Thus instructed, Brigham returned to New York and, with the Kimballs, moved his household to Kirtland so he could participate in building a new society.
Among those whom Brigham met in Kirtland was Mary Ann Angell, a native of Seneca, Ontario County, New York, who had worked in a factory in Providence, Rhode Island, until her conversion to the Church and move to Kirtland. Brigham married her on February 18, 1834. She looked after Brigham's two daughters by Miriam and subsequently had six children of her own.
In 1834 Brigham and his brother Joseph served with Zion's Camp, a small army that walked from Ohio to Missouri in the summer of 1834 to assist those driven from their homes by hostile mobs. Brigham regarded the difficult trek, which was led by Joseph Smith, as superb education and later called it "the starting point of my knowing how to lead Israel" (Arrington, pp. 45-46). Dedication and potential, more than accomplishments, qualified Brigham Young to be selected in February 1835 as a member of the Church's original Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. The Twelve were a "traveling high council" charged to take the gospel "to all the nations, kindreds, tongues, and people." They presided not "at home" but "abroad," where no local stakes were established. This group later became the leading quorum in the Church after the First Presidency.
Each summer Brigham undertook proselytizing missions in the East; each winter he cared for his family and helped build up Kirtland. He helped construct the Kirtland Temple, attended the School of the Prophets, participated in the Pentecostal outpouring that accompanied the dedication of the Kirtland Temple in the spring of 1836, and engaged in Church-related business activities assigned to him by Joseph Smith. When the Kirtland community became divided over Joseph Smith's leadership, Brigham Young's strong defense of the Prophet so enraged the critics that Brigham had to flee Kirtland for his safety.
By the summer of 1838 most of the Kirtland faithful, including Brigham and his family, had moved to Caldwell County, in northern Missouri. Growing numbers of Latter-day Saint arrivals rekindled antagonisms with old settlers, and violence erupted (see Missouri Conflict). Disarmed, violated, and robbed of most of their holdings, the Latter-day Saints were driven from the state. With Joseph Smith, his brother Hyrum, Sidney Rigdon, and other Church leaders imprisoned, Brigham Young, senior member of the Quorum of the Twelve, directed the evacuation of the Saints to Quincy and other Illinois communities. To ensure that members without teams and wagons would not be left behind, he drew up the Missouri Covenant. All who signed it agreed to make their resources available to remove every person to safety.
In the spring of 1839 Joseph Smith designated Commerce (renamed Nauvoo), Illinois, the new central gathering place of the Saints. Brigham's family were hardly settled in the area when he and other members of the Twelve left to fulfill their calls to Great Britain as missionaries. Despite poverty and poor health all around, Brigham left his wife and children in September, determined to go to England or to die trying. He and his companions finally docked at Liverpool in April 1840 (see Missions of the Twelve to the British Isles).
As quorum president, Brigham directed the work of his quorum in Britain during an astonishing year in which they baptized between 7,000 and 8,000 converts; printed and distributed 5,000 copies of the Book of Mormon, 3,0 00 hymn books, 1,500 volumes of the millennial star, and 50,000 tracts; and established a shipping agency and assisted nearly 1,000 to emigrate to Nauvoo. Brigham traveled to the principal cities in England and took time to visit Buckingham Palace, St. Paul's Cathedral, Westminster Abbey, the Lake district, factory towns, the Potteries, museums, art galleries, and, of course, the homes of converts, both rich and poor. In later years he often commented on what he had seen and learned in England.
Such striking success, the first such experience of a united quorum, prepared the Twelve for additional responsibilities. Back in Nauvoo, Brigham was given the assignment of directing the Twelve in their supervision of missionary work, the purchase of lands and settling of immigrants, and various construction projects. Along with others, Brigham was also taught the principle of plural marriage; he accepted it after much reluctance and considerable thought and prayer. With Mary Ann's consent, he married Lucy Ann Decker Seeley in June 1842, and later other plural wives. He was among the first to receive the full temple Endowment in 1842 and, later, with Mary Ann, participated with others who had received temple ordinances in sessions during which Joseph Smith gave additional instructions on gospel principles.
Because Brigham Young was now the president of the quorum, which came second only to the First Presidency in authority and responsibility, he was highly prominent and influential in Nauvoo. Nonetheless, though he helped direct everything from the construction of the Nauvoo Temple to missionary work abroad, he also continued the pattern established in Kirtland of personally undertaking preaching missions each summer. In February Joseph Smith further instructed Brigham Young and others of his quorum about a future move to the Rocky Mountains. In March 1844 Brigham participated in the creation of the council of fifty?an organization suggesting a pattern of government for a future theocratic society and the last such organizational pattern left by Joseph Smith. Soon after, as if in foreboding of his impending death, Joseph Smith gave Brigham and other members of the Twelve a dramatic charge to "bear off this kingdom," telling them that they now had all the keys and instruction needed to do so successfully (CR [Apr. 1898]:89; MS 5 [Mar. 1845]:151).
In May 1844, Brigham and other apostles left on summer missions. While they were gone, events in Nauvoo deteriorated. Joseph Smith was arrested and, on June 27, was killed with his brother Hyrum when a mob stormed the jail where they were being held (see Carthage Jail; Martyrdom of Joseph and Hyrum Smith). Brigham was in the Boston area and did not hear definite word of the assassination until July 16. He and his companions immediately rushed back to Nauvoo, arriving August 6. After a dramatic confrontation with Sidney Rigdon on August 8, Brigham and the Twelve were sustained to lead the Church (see Succession in the Presidency). Brigham remained the leader until his death in 1877.
Although privately committed to leaving Nauvoo, Brigham and his associates were determined to complete the Nauvoo Temple so that the Saints could receive their temple ordinances. Even as they labored to defend themselves and finish the temple, they held meetings to decide on when and where to move farther west. Soon after violence erupted in September 1845, they publicly announced their intention to leave by the following spring. By December the temple was ready for ordinance work, and by February nearly 6,000 members had received temple blessings therein. The Saints had also spent the fall and winter preparing for the exodus. Committees were appointed, and a Nauvoo Covenant was signed, helping to ensure that those with property would assist those without.
Partly because of concerns about governmental intervention, Brigham Young began the migration in the cold and snow of February 1846 rather than await spring. By hundreds, then by thousands, people, animals, and wagons crossed the Mississippi River and trudged across Iowa mud to a winter quarters (now Florence, Nebraska) on the Missouri River. In late spring nearly 16,000 Saints were on the road.
Brigham personally directed this massive odyssey, which involved the allocation of foodstuffs, wagons, oxen, and Church property to organized companies setting out on the trail. The preparation and the move through Iowa took so long that none of the companies could reach the Rocky Mountains that year, as was hoped. This demanding Iowa experience taught Brigham Young valuable lessons about men and organization that he used throughout his years of leadership. He also learned anew that when human resources prove inadequate, one must turn in faith to God. That winter Brigham announced "The Word and Will of the Lord" (D&C 136) to help organize the Saints and prepare them for the westward trek.
Brigham Young set out with an advance group of 143 men, 3 women, and 2 children on April 5, 1847. Delayed by illness, he arrived in the Salt Lake Valley on July 24, a few days behind the advance party. Once he saw the valley with his own eyes, he announced it as the right place for a new headquarters city and confirmed that the region would be the new gathering place. He also identified the exact spot for a temple. He directed the exploration of the region; helped survey and apportion the land for homes, gardens, and farming; named the new settlement "Great Salt Lake City, Great Basin, North America"; held meetings where he appointed John Smith religious leader of the new colony and agreed on basic policies of cooperative work and sharing. On August 26, Brigham joined the return party to Winter Quarters.
In Winter Quarters, in December 1847, Brigham and other members of the Twelve reorganized the First Presidency of the Church, with Brigham as president. The following April he, his family, and approximately 3,500 other Saints headed for the Salt Lake Valley. Brigham's activities in organizing companies, building bridges, repairing equipment, and training oxen developed abilities that would be in evidence the rest of his life.
A series of problems confronted Brigham, now forty-seven, as he established his permanent home in the Salt Lake Valley. The first problem was to provide housing for his family. On a lot adjoining City Creek in what is now the center of Salt Lake City, he built a row of log houses for his wives and children that, collectively, were called Harmony House. To the south of this he later built the White House, a sun-dried adobe structure covered with white plaster. Still later, he built a large, two-story adobe house faced with cement that fronted on what came to be known as Brigham Street (now South Temple Street). Sporting a tower surmounted by a gilded beehive, this building was known as the Beehive House and was Brigham's official residence as governor and President of the Church. In 1856, Brigham added an impressive three-story adobe structure, which came to be called the Lion House from the statue of a crouching lion on the portico. Several of his families lived in this building, just west of the Beehive House. He later built homes in south Salt Lake City, Provo, and St. George. Brigham's homes were all well constructed and finely appointed.
A central public problem was finding places to accommodate the incoming Saints. Salt Lake City was divided into ten-acre blocks, and each family head was allotted by community drawing a one-and-one-fourth-acre lot on one of the blocks in the city. There people would keep their livestock, gardens, and other "home" properties (see City Planning). A ten-acre block just west of Brigham's was designated the Temple Block (see Temple Square), and on this were located the Bowery, a temporary shelter built of tree boughs, where the Saints first held religious services; the tabernacle; and various shops used in constructing public buildings. Construction of the Salt Lake Temple was begun in 1853.
Outside the city, five-acre and ten-acre plots were apportioned to those who wanted to farm. Under Brigham Young's direction, cooperative teams were assigned to dig ditches and canals to irrigate crops and to furnish water to homes. Other brigades fenced residential areas, built roads, cut timber, and set up shops. Other groups selected new locations for settlements and helped place people in the best areas. Still others were called on missions to proselytize in the United States, Europe, or the Pacific.
In the spring of 1849 Brigham Young organized Salt Lake City into nineteen wards; organized wards in other settlements; set up the state of Deseret with himself as governor; and established the perpetual emigrating fund as a device for assisting with the emigration of Saints from Great Britain, Scandinavia, and continental Europe.
With thousands of Saints arriving from the eastern United States and Europe, colonization demanded Brigham Young's attention. Under his direction, four kinds of colonies were established: first, settlements intended to be temporary places of gathering and recruitment, such as Carson Valley in Nevada; second, colonies to serve as centers for production, such as iron at Cedar City, cotton at St. George, cattle in Cache Valley, and sheep in Spanish Fork, all in Utah; third, colonies to serve as centers for proselytizing and assisting Indians, as at Harmony in southern Utah, Las Vegas in southern Nevada, Lemhi in northern Idaho, and present-day Moab in eastern Utah; fourth, permanent colonies in Utah and nearby states and territories to provide homes and farms for the hundreds of new immigrants arriving each summer. Within ten years, nearly 100 colonies had been planted; by 1867, more than 200; and by the time of his death in 1877, nearly 400 colonies. Clearly, he was one of America's greatest colonizers.
As President of the Church, Brigham conducted regular Sunday services in Salt Lake City and each year visited as many outlying communities as possible. He appointed bishops for each ward and settlement and encouraged each ward to provide cultural opportunities for its members, such as dances, theater, music recitals, and, above all, schools. He listened to people with complaints, responded to myriad questions about personal and family affairs as well as religion, and dictated thousands of letters with instruction, counsel, friendly advice, and casual comment about Church and national affairs. He was a firm Latter-day Saint and a wise counselor.
Brigham gave some 500 sermons in pioneer Utah that were recorded word for word by a stenographer. These, all delivered without a prepared text, may have seemed rambling in organization, but they were well thought out and suggest remarkable mental power. They were well adapted to his audiences. His discourses were like "fireside chats," an informal "talking things over" with his audiences. Interweaving subjects as diverse as women's fashions, the Atonement of Christ, recollections of Joseph Smith, and how to make good bread, Brigham kept his audiences enthralled, amused, and in tears, sometimes for hours. He inspired, motivated, taught, and encouraged.
The Latter-day Saints had settled among various tribes of Native Americans. Intent upon helping them, converting them, and avoiding bloodshed, Brigham established Indian farms, took Indians into his own home, advocated a policy of "feeding them is cheaper than fighting them," and held periodic meetings with chiefs. His policies were not always successful, but he consistently sought peaceful solutions and firmly opposed the all-too-common frontier practice of shooting Indians for petty causes.
In 1851, Brigham was appointed governor and superintendent of Indian Affairs of Utah Territory by U.S. President Millard Fillmore. His principal problem as governor was dealing with the "outside" federal appointees, many of whom were, from any point of view, both unsympathetic to the Church and inexcusably incompetent. There were problems over the small federal expenditures, the failure of Saints to use federal judges in cases of civil disputes, the lack of tact of the federally appointed officials in discussing the Church, their opposition to the union of church and state, and their assumption that Latter-day Saints were immoral because of their tolerance of plural marriage. [For other events that occupied Brigham Young's attention in 1856 see Handcart Companies; Reformation (LDS) of 1856-1857.]
This continuing controversy eventually led to the decision of U.S. President James Buchanan in 1857 to replace Brigham Young with an "outside" governor, Alfred Cumming of Georgia. At the same time, President Buchanan, who had been (wrongly) informed that the Mormons were "in a state of substantial rebellion against the laws and authority of the United States," sent a major portion of the U.S. Army to Utah to install the new governor and to ensure the execution of U.S. laws (see Utah Expedition). Though Governor Young was not notified of this action, armed forces were observed secretly heading for Utah. Fearful of a repetition of the "mobocracy" of Missouri and Illinois, he called people home from outlying colonies and mobilized the Saints to defend their homes. Eventually, with the assistance of Thomas L. Kane, he arranged a peaceful settlement whereby the Army occupied Camp Floyd, a post some forty miles from Salt Lake City. The U.S. Army was an irritant, but not a hindrance, to continued Church expansion and development. President Young remained, as his colleagues boasted, governor of the people, while his replacements merely governed the territory. The Army left Utah in 1861 with the start of the Civil War.
A believer in adapting the newest technology to the advantage of LDS society, Brigham Young contracted in 1861 to build the transcontinental telegraph line from Nebraska to California, and then proceeded to erect the 1,200-mile Deseret Telegraph line from Franklin, Idaho, to northern Arizona. This connected nearly all Mormon villages with Salt Lake City and, through that connection, with the world. While the transcontinental railroad was under construction, he negotiated for contracts with Union Pacific and Central Pacific for LDS contractors to build the roadbeds east of Salt Lake City into part of Wyoming and west well into Nevada. He then organized the Utah Central, Utah Southern, and Utah Northern railroads to extend the line south from Ogden to Frisco in southern Utah and north to Franklin, Idaho, and eventually to Montana. Aware that the completion of the railroad would imperil the independent social economy of his people, President Young inaugurated a protective movement that sought to preserve, as much as possible, their unique way of life. He organized cooperatives to handle local merchandising and manufacturing; initiated several new enterprises to develop local resources; promoted relief societies in each ward in order to provide opportunities for self-development, socialization, and compassionate service for women; opened the doors of the university of Deseret (later the University of Utah) for both young men and women; encouraged women to become professionally trained, especially in medicine; and gave women the vote. In 1875 he established Brigham Young Academy (later Brigham Young University), in 1877 Brigham Young College (Logan, Utah) and the Latter-day Saints College (see LDS Business College). In 1874 he also promoted the United Order movement in an effort to encourage cooperation and home production and consumption (see Economic History of the Church).
Brigham Young remained vigorous until his death in August 1877. Just before his death, he dedicated the St. George Temple and launched there the full scope of LDS temple ordinances, something he had anticipated since Nauvoo; and he overhauled Church organization at every level, formalizing for the first time practices that would characterize the Church for nearly a century.
Brigham was a well-built, stout (in later years, portly) man of five feet, ten inches, somewhat taller than average for his day. His light brown hair, often described as "sandy," had very little gray. Visitors noticed his penetrating blue-gray eyes lined by thin eyebrows. Though he later wore a full beard, Brigham was clean-shaven until the 1850s, when he first sported chin whiskers. His mouth and chin were firm, bespeaking, visitors thought, his iron will. He was generally composed and quiet in manner, but he could thunder at the pulpit. Sometimes called the "Lion of the Lord," he could also roar when aroused.
Brigham Young's manner was pleasant and courteous. His dress, generally neat and plain, was often homespun. He combined vibrant energy and self-certainty with deference to the feelings of others and a complete lack of pretension. By the time of his death, Brigham Young had married twenty women, sixteen of whom bore him fifty-seven children. He died on August 29, 1877, of peritonitis, the result of a ruptured appendix.
Brigham's most obvious achievements were the product of his lifelong talent for practical decision making. He instituted patterns of Church government that persist to this day. In leading the Saints across Iowa, he issued detailed instructions that were followed by the hundreds of companies that crossed the plains to the Salt Lake Valley in succeeding years. In the Great Basin he directed the organization of several hundred LDS settlements; set up several hundred cooperative retail, wholesale, and manufacturing enterprises; and initiated the construction of meetinghouses, tabernacles, and temples. While doing all this, he carried on a running battle with the United States government to preserve the unique LDS way of life. But for Brigham Young these were means, not ends. His overriding concern was to build on the foundation begun by Joseph Smith to establish a commonwealth in the desert where his people could live the gospel of Jesus Christ in peace, thereby improving their prospects in this life and in the next. He loved the Great Basin because its harshness and isolation made it an ideal place to "make Saints.
CHILDREN of Brigham Y0UNG and Miriam Angeline WORKS:
1. ELIZABETH b: 25 Sep 1825; Port Byron, Cayuga, New York.
md: 10 Jul 1842; Nauvoo, Hancock, Illinois
Ednund Lovell ELLSWORTH
d: 2 Feb 1903; Lewisville, Jefferson, Idaho.
2. VILATE b: 1 Jun 1830; Mendon, Monroe, New York.
md: 4 Feb 1847; Winter Quarters, Douglas, Nebraska.
Charles Franklin DECKER
d: 18 Nov 1902; Lewisville, Jefferrson, Idaho.
CHILDREN of Brigham Y0UNG and Mary Ann ANGELL:
1. JOSEPH ANGELL b: 13 Oct 1834; Kirtland, Lake, Ohio.
md: 20 Nov 1851; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Mary Ann AYERS
md: 4 Mar 1857; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Margaret WHITEHEAD
md: 4 Mar 1867; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Clara Federata STENHOUSE
d: 5 Aug 1875; Manti, Sanpete, Utah.
2. BRIGHAM Jr. b: 18 Dec 1836; Kirtland, Geaugea, Ohio.
md; 15 Mar 1855; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Cathrine Curtis SPENCER
md; 1 Oct 1887; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Abigail E (Abbie) STEVEN
md; 7 Jun 1890; Paso Del Norte, , Mexico.
Helen Eldridge Parker ARMSTRONG
md; ; , , .
Jane CARRINGTON
md; ; , , .
Elizabeth FENTON
md; ; , , .
Rhoda PERKINS
d: 11 Apr 1903; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
3. MARY ANN b: 18 Dec 1836; Kirtland, Lake, Ohio.
d: Aug 1843; Nauvoo, Hancock, Illinois.
4. ALICE b: 4 Sep 1839; Montrose, Lee, Iowa.
md: 26 Oct 1856; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Hiram Bradley CLAWSON
d: 2 Nov 1874; St. George, Washington, Utah.
5. EUNICE CAROLINE b: 20 Aug 1842; Nauvoo, Hancock, Illinois.
md: 4 Apr 1861; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
George Washington THATCHER Sr
d: 23 Dec 1902; Logan, Cache, Utah.
6. JOHN WILLARD b: 1 Oct 1844; Nauvoo, Hancock, Illinois.
md: 16 Feb 1864; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Lucy Maria CANFIELD
md: 4 Feb 1865; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Clara Lucinda JONES
md: 1870; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Elizabeth CANFIELD
md: 2 Jan 1879; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Adolphine Bertha DAMCKE
div: ; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
md: 1880; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Luella COBB
d: 11 Feb 1924; New York City, New York, New York.
CHILDREN of Brigham Y0UNG and Lucy Ann DECKER:
1. BRIGHAM HEBER b: 19 Jun 1845; Nauvoo, Hancock, Illinois.
md: 24 Nov 1870; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Vilate Ruth CLAYTON
d: 3 Jun 1928; , , .
2. FANNY DECKER b: 26 Jah 1849; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
md: Mar 1867; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
George Washington THATCHER
d: 20 Jan 1892; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
3. ERNEST IRVING b: 30 Apr 1851; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
md: 19 Nov 1871; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Sybella White JOHNSON
d: 8 Oct 1879; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
4. SHAMIRA b: 21 Jan 1853; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
md: 9 Oct 1877; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Willian Alfred ROSSITER
d: 24 Aug 1915; , , .
5. ARTA D. CRISTA b: 16 Apr 1855; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
md: 11 Apr 1875; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Susan SNOW
d: 7 Apr 1916; Ogden, Weber, Utah.
6. FERAMORZ LITTLE b: 16 Sep 1858; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
d: 27 Sep 1881; , , .
7. CLARISSA HAMILTON b: 23 Jul 1860; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
md: 19 Jan 1882; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
John Daniel SPENCER
d: 19 Aug 1939; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
CHILDREN of Brigham Y0UNG and Harriett Elizabeth COOK:
1. OSCAR BRIGHAM b: 10 Feb 1846; Nauvoo, Hancock, Illinois.
md: 25 Aug 1862; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Paralee RUSSELL
md: 25 Oct 1875; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Annie Marie ROSEBERRY
d: 4 Aug 1910; Provo, Utah, Utah.
CHILDREN of Brigham Y0UNG and Clarissa Caroline DECKER:
1. JEANETTE RICHARDS b: 14 Dec 1849; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
md: ; , , .
Robert G EASTON
d: 8 Mar 1930; , , .
2. NABBIE HOWE b: 22 Mar 1852; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
md: 15 Feb 1876; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Orson Spencer CLAWSON
d: 15 Mar 1894; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
3. JEDEDIAH GRANT b: 18 Jan 1854; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
d: 11 Jan 1856; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
4. ALBERT JEDDIE b: 4 Jan 1859; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
d: 16 Dec 1864; , , .
5. CHARLOTTE TALULA b: 4 Mar 1861; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
md: ; , , .
Agustus WOOD
d: 20 Jan 1892; , , .
CHILDREN of Brigham Y0UNG and Emily Dow PARTRIDGE:
1. EDWARD PARTRIDGE b: 30 Oct 1845; Nauvoo, Hancock, Illinois.
d: 16 Nov 1852; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
2. EMILY AUGUSTA b: 1 Mar 1849; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
md: 4 Jan 1868; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Hyrum Bradley CLAWSON
d: 19 Mar 1926; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
3. CAROLINE PARTRIDGE b: 1 Feb 1851; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
md: 7 Oct 1868; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Mark CORXALL
div: ; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
md: 3 Nov 1884; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
George Quayle CANNON
d: 2 Jul 1903; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
4. JOSEPH DON CARLOS b: 6 Mar 1855; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
md: 22 Sep 1881; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Alice Naomi DOWDEN
md: 11 Jan 1887; Colonia Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico.
Marian Penelope HARDY
d: 19 Oct 1938; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
5. MIRIAM b: 13 Oct 1857; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
md: 28 Aug 1878; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Leonard Goodridge HARDY
d: 16 Oct 1919; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
6. JOSEPHINE b: 21 Feb 1860; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
d: 1 Apr 1878; , , .
Albert Carrington YOUNG
d: 9 May 1912; , , .
7. LAURA b: 2 Apr 1862; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
d: 4 Nov 1862; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
CHILDREN of Brigham Y0UNG and Clarissa ROSS:
1. MARY ELIZA b: 8 Jun 1847; Winter Quarters, Douglas, Nebraska.
md: 4 Jun 1865; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Mark CORXALL
d: 5 Sep 1871; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
2. CLARISSA MARIA b: 1O Dec 1849; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
md: 1 Jun 1868; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
William B DOUGALL
d: 30 Apr 1935; , , .
3. WILLARD b: 3O Apr 1852; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
md: 1 Aug 1882; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Harriet HOOPER
d: 30 Nov 1939; , , .
4. PHOEBE LOUISA b: 1 Aug 1854; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
md: 7 Jan 1872; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Walter Josiah BEATIE
d: 22 Aug 1931; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
CHILDREN of Brigham Y0UNG and Louisa BEAMAN:
1. HYRUM b: 1846; Winter Quarters, Douglas, Nebraska.
d: 1848; Winter Quarters, Douglas, Nebraska.
2. JOSEPH b: 1846; Winter Quarters, Douglas, Nebraska.
d: 1848; Winter Quarters, Douglas, Nebraska.
3. MORONI b: 8 Jan 1847; Winter Quarters, Douglas, Nebraska.
d: 10 Aug 1847; Winter Quarters, Douglas, Nebraska.
4. ALMA b: 23 Jul 1848; Winter Quarters, Douglas, Nebraska.
Apr 1850; Winter Quarters, Douglas, Nebraska.
5. ALVAH b: 23 Jul 1848; Winter Quarters, Douglas, Nebraska.
d: 1848; Winter Quarters, Douglas, Nebraska.
6. ALVA b: Abt 1850; Winter Quarters, Douglas, Nebraska.
d: 1850; Winter Quarters, Douglas, Nebraska.
CHILDREN of Brigham Y0UNG and Margaret PIERCE:
1. BRIGHAM MORRIS b: 18 Jan 1854; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
md: 29 Mar 1875; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Celestia Armeda SNOW
d: 20 Feb 1931; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
CHILDREN of Brigham Y0UNG and Emeline FREE:
1. ELLA ELIZABETH b: 31 Aug 1847; Winter Quarters, Douglas, Nebraska.
md: ; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Nelson A EMPEY
d: 7 Aug 1890; , , .
2. MARINDA HYDE b: 10 Jul 1849; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
md: 10 Oct 1866; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Walter Karr CONRAD
d: 17 Aug 1883; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
3. HYRUM SMITH b: 2 Jan 1851; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
md: 15 Oct 1871; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Lucy Georgiana FOX
d: 28 Feb 1925; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
4. EMELINE AMANDA b: 11 Feb 1853; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
md: 20 Oct 1870; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Daniel James McINTOSH/MACKINTOSH
md: ; , , .
William CROSBY
d: 16 Jul 1895; , , .
5. LOUISA NELLE b: 30 Oct 1855; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
md: 5 Oct 1871; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
James Simpson FERGUSON
d: 29 Aug 1908; , , .
6. LORENZO DOW b: 22 Sep 1856; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
md: ; , , .
Eleanor CROUCH
div: ; , , .
md: 2 Sep 1896; , , .
Dora WILLIAMS
d: 18 May 1905; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
7. ALONZO b: 20 Dec 1858; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
md: 23 Dec 1879; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Mary Ann RICHARDS
d: 31 Mar 1918; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
8. RUTH b: 4 Mar 1861; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
md: 28 Jan 1878; , , .
Charles Ellis JOHNSON
md: ; , , .
John Hopkins HEALEY
d: 8 Nov 1944; , , .
9. DANIEL WELLS b: 9 Feb 1863; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
d: 9 Feb 1863; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
10. ARDELLE b: 26 Oct 1864; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
md ; , , .
Frank HARRISON
div: ; , , .
CHILDREN of Brigham Y0UNG and Margaret Maria ALLEY:
1. EVELYN LOUSIA b: 30 Jul 1850; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
md: 15 Jan 1870; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Milton Herbert DAVIS
d: 1917; , , .
2. MOHONRI MORIANCUMER b: 1 Nov 1852; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
md: 22 Oct 1876; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Agnes MACINTOSH
d: 20 Apr 1884; , , .
CHILDREN of Brigham Y0UNG and Martha BIGELOW:
1. IDA b: 30 Dec 1860; Kaysville, Davis, Utah.
md: ; , , .
John POTTER
div: ; , , .
md: 23 Dec 1882; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
d: 21 Dec 1927; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
CHILDREN of Brigham Y0UNG and Zina Diantha HUNTINGTON:
1. ZINA PRESINDIA b: 3 Apr 1850; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
md: 21 Oct 1868; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Thomas WILLIAMS
div: ; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
md: 17 Jun 1884; Logan, Cache, Utah.
Charles Ora CARD
d: 31 Jan 1931; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
CHILDREN of Brigham Y0UNG and Lucy BIGELOW:
1. SUSAN (SUSA) AMELIA b: 18 Mar 1856; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
md: 1 Dec 1872; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Alma Bailey DUNFORD
md: 5 Jan 1880; St. George, Washington, Utah.
Jacob Forsberry, GATES
d: 27 May 1933; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
2. RHODA MABEL b: 22 Feb 1863; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
md: 7 Sep 1879; , , .
Daniel Handley Allister McALLISTER
md: 25 Jul 1887; Provo, Utah, Utah.
Daniel Brigham WITT
md: 2 Aug 1897; , , .
Joseph Abbott SANBORN
d: 20 Sep 1950; , , .
CHILDREN of Brigham Y0UNG and Mary Jane BIGELOW:
1. EUDORA LOVINA b: 12 May 1852; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
md: ; , , .
Moreland DUNFORD
md: ; , , .
Albert HAGAN
d: 23 Nov 1922; , , .
CHILDREN of Brigham Y0UNG and Eliza BURGESS:
1. ALFALES b: 3 Oct 1853; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
md: ; , , .
Ada Lydia COTTLE
d: 30 Mar 1920; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
CHILDREN of Brigham Y0UNG and Harriet Emeline BARNEY:
1. MARY b: 24 Dec 1847; St. Louis, St Louis, Missouri.
d: 27 Jun 1849; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
2. ROYAL BARNEY b: 8 Nov 1851; Tooele, Tooele, Utah.
md: 21 Sep 1872; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Mary Wood PRATT
md: 22 Aug 1876; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Emmeline Lavina RAWLINS
md: 2 Feb 1882; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Agnes McMURRIN
d: 6 Oct 1929; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
3. MARY LOLA b: 31 Mar 1852; Amherst, Lorain, Ohio.
d: 26 Jan 1873; , , .
4. JOSEPH ORMAL b: 15 Dec 1853; Tooele, Tooele, Utah.
md: 4 Dec 1884; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Mary Adelia FELT
d: 1 Aug 1917; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
5. SARAH EMELINE b: 28 Nov 1855; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
md: 17 Oct 1876; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Robert Burdette BURNS
d: 1 Dec 1933; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
6. PHINEAS HOWE b: 15 Feb 1862; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
md: 21 Oct 1886; Logan, Cache, Utah.
Margaret Ellen (Maggie) WAYMAN
d: 15 Feb 1903; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
7. DAUGHTER b: Abt 1865; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
d: Abt 1865; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
CHILDREN of Brigham Y0UNG and Mary VAN COTT:
1. FANNIE VAN COTT b: 14 Jan 1870; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
md: 22 Jan 1890; Logan, Weber, Utah.
Isaac Ambrose CLAYTON
d: 31 Jan 1950; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah.
Back to John YOUNG's Family Page.Back to Our Genealogy Home Page.
To reach me by e-mail click on mailbox 
This Web Page was created on 02/16/2010 with 
Web-O-Rama or E-Mail Kevin Gunn